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Google Chrome

Updated: Wikipedia source

Google Chrome

Google Chrome is a cross-platform web browser developed by Google. It was launched in 2008 for Microsoft Windows, built with free software components from Apple WebKit and Mozilla Firefox. Versions were later released for Linux, macOS, iOS, iPadOS, and Android, where it is currently the default browser. The browser is also the main component of ChromeOS, on which it serves as the platform for web applications. Most of Chrome's source code comes from Google's free and open-source software project known as Chromium, but Chrome is licensed as proprietary freeware. WebKit was the original rendering engine, but Google eventually forked it to create the Blink engine; all Chrome variants except iOS used Blink as of 2017. As of December 2025, StatCounter estimates that Chrome has a 75.23% worldwide browser market share on personal computers. It is the most-used browser on tablets (having surpassed Safari), and is also dominant on smartphones. With a market share of 71.22% across all platforms combined as of December 2025, Chrome is the most used web browser in the world. Google chief executive Eric Schmidt was previously involved in the "browser wars" (a part of U.S. corporate history) and was against the expansion of the company into such a new area. However, Google co-founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, spearheaded a software demonstration that pushed Schmidt into making Chrome a core business priority, which resulted in it becoming a commercial success. Because of the proliferation of Chrome, Google has expanded the "Chrome" brand name to other products. This includes ChromeOS, Chromecast, Chromebook, Chromebit, Chromebox, and Chromebase.

Infobox

Developer
Google
Initial release
WindowsBeta / September 2, 2008; 17 years ago (2008-09-02)Windows1.0 / December 11, 2008; 17 years ago (2008-12-11)macOS, LinuxPreview / June 4, 2009; 16 years ago (2009-06-04)macOS, LinuxBeta / December 8, 2009; 16 years ago (2009-12-08)Multi­platform5.0 / May 25, 2010; 15 years ago (2010-05-25)
Windows
1.0 / December 11, 2008; 17 years ago (2008-12-11)
macOS, Linux
Beta / December 8, 2009; 16 years ago (2009-12-08)
Multi­platform
5.0 / May 25, 2010; 15 years ago (2010-05-25)
Windows, macOS, Linux
144.0.7559.31 / 17 December 2025; 13 days ago (17 December 2025)
Android
144.0.7559.31 / 17 December 2025; 13 days ago (17 December 2025)
iOS, iPadOS
144.0.7559.31 / 17 December 2025; 13 days ago (17 December 2025)
Extended Support Release
142.0.7444.243 / 16 December 2025; 14 days ago (16 December 2025)
Written in
C, C , Assembly, HTML, Java (Android app only), JavaScript, Python
Engines
Blink (WebKit on iOS/iPadOS), V8 JavaScript engine
Operating system
mw- Android 10 or later ChromeOS iOS 17 or later iPadOS 17 or later Linux macOS Monterey or later Windows 10 or later Windows Server 2016 or later
Platform
IA-32, x86-64, ARMv7, ARMv8-A
Included with
Android 10 or later ChromeOS
Predecessor
Google Toolbar
Available in
47 languages
Type
Web browser, mobile browser
License
Proprietary freeware, based on open-source components[note 1]
Website
google.com/chrome

Tables

· Platforms
Windows
Windows
Operating system
Windows
Operating system
10 or later, Server 2016 or later
Latest version
143
Support status
2015–
7, Server 2008 R2, 8, Server 2012, 8.1 and Server 2012 R2
7, Server 2008 R2, 8, Server 2012, 8.1 and Server 2012 R2
Operating system
7, Server 2008 R2, 8, Server 2012, 8.1 and Server 2012 R2
Operating system
109
Latest version
2009–2023
XP, Server 2003, Vista and Server 2008
XP, Server 2003, Vista and Server 2008
Operating system
XP, Server 2003, Vista and Server 2008
Operating system
49 (IA-32)
Latest version
2008–2016
macOS
macOS
Operating system
macOS
Operating system
Monterey or later
Latest version
143
Support status
2021–
Big Sur
Big Sur
Operating system
Big Sur
Operating system
138
Latest version
2020–2025
Catalina
Catalina
Operating system
Catalina
Operating system
128
Latest version
2019–2024
High Sierra and Mojave
High Sierra and Mojave
Operating system
High Sierra and Mojave
Operating system
116
Latest version
2017–2023
El Capitan and Sierra
El Capitan and Sierra
Operating system
El Capitan and Sierra
Operating system
103
Latest version
2015–2022
Yosemite
Yosemite
Operating system
Yosemite
Operating system
87
Latest version
2014–2021
Mavericks
Mavericks
Operating system
Mavericks
Operating system
67
Latest version
2013–2018
Snow Leopard–Mountain Lion (x64)
Snow Leopard–Mountain Lion (x64)
Operating system
Snow Leopard–Mountain Lion (x64)
Operating system
49
Latest version
2009–2016
Snow Leopard (IA-32)
Snow Leopard (IA-32)
Operating system
Snow Leopard (IA-32)
Operating system
38
Latest version
2009–2014
Leopard (IA-32, x64)
Leopard (IA-32, x64)
Operating system
Leopard (IA-32, x64)
Operating system
21
Latest version
2008–2012
Linux (X11/Wayland)
Linux (X11/Wayland)
Operating system
Linux (X11/Wayland)
Operating system
x64
Latest version
143
Support status
2008–
IA-32
IA-32
Operating system
IA-32
Operating system
48
Latest version
2008–2016
Android
Android
Operating system
Android
Operating system
10 or later
Latest version
143
Support status
2019–
Oreo and Pie
Oreo and Pie
Operating system
Oreo and Pie
Operating system
138
Latest version
2017–2025
Nougat
Nougat
Operating system
Nougat
Operating system
119
Latest version
2016–2023
Marshmallow
Marshmallow
Operating system
Marshmallow
Operating system
106
Latest version
2015–2022
Lollipop
Lollipop
Operating system
Lollipop
Operating system
95
Latest version
2014–2021
KitKat
KitKat
Operating system
KitKat
Operating system
81
Latest version
2013–2020
Jelly Bean (ARMv7,IA-32,x64)
Jelly Bean (ARMv7,IA-32,x64)
Operating system
Jelly Bean (ARMv7,IA-32,x64)
Operating system
71
Latest version
2012–2019
Ice Cream Sandwich (ARMv7,IA-32)
Ice Cream Sandwich (ARMv7,IA-32)
Operating system
Ice Cream Sandwich (ARMv7,IA-32)
Operating system
42
Latest version
2012–2015
iOS
iOS
Operating system
iOS
Operating system
17.0 or later
Latest version
143
Support status
2023–
16.x
16.x
Operating system
16.x
Operating system
137
Latest version
2022–2025
15.x
15.x
Operating system
15.x
Operating system
125
Latest version
2021–2024
14.x
14.x
Operating system
14.x
Operating system
113
Latest version
2020–2023
13.x
13.x
Operating system
13.x
Operating system
93
Latest version
2019–2021
12.x
12.x
Operating system
12.x
Operating system
92
Latest version
2018–2021
11.x
11.x
Operating system
11.x
Operating system
76
Latest version
2017–2019
10.x
10.x
Operating system
10.x
Operating system
71
Latest version
2016–2019
9.x
9.x
Operating system
9.x
Operating system
63
Latest version
2015–2018
7.0-8.4
7.0-8.4
Operating system
7.0-8.4
Operating system
47
Latest version
2013–2016
6.x
6.x
Operating system
6.x
Operating system
37
Latest version
2012–2014
4.3-5.1
4.3-5.1
Operating system
4.3-5.1
Operating system
29
Latest version
2011–2013
3.0-4.2
3.0-4.2
Operating system
3.0-4.2
Operating system
23
Latest version
2009–2012
iPadOS
iPadOS
Operating system
iPadOS
Operating system
17.0 or later
Latest version
143
Support status
2023–
16.x
16.x
Operating system
16.x
Operating system
137
Latest version
2022–2025
15.x
15.x
Operating system
15.x
Operating system
125
Latest version
2021–2024
14.x
14.x
Operating system
14.x
Operating system
113
Latest version
2020–2023
13.x
13.x
Operating system
13.x
Operating system
93
Latest version
2019–2021
Operating system
Latest version
Support status
Windows
10 or later, Server 2016 or later
143
2015–
7, Server 2008 R2, 8, Server 2012, 8.1 and Server 2012 R2
109
2009–2023
XP, Server 2003, Vista and Server 2008
49 (IA-32)
2008–2016
macOS
Monterey or later
143
2021–
Big Sur
138
2020–2025
Catalina
128
2019–2024
High Sierra and Mojave
116
2017–2023
El Capitan and Sierra
103
2015–2022
Yosemite
87
2014–2021
Mavericks
67
2013–2018
Snow Leopard–Mountain Lion (x64)
49
2009–2016
Snow Leopard (IA-32)
38
2009–2014
Leopard (IA-32, x64)
21
2008–2012
Linux (X11/Wayland)
x64
143
2008–
IA-32
48
2008–2016
Android
10 or later
143
2019–
Oreo and Pie
138
2017–2025
Nougat
119
2016–2023
Marshmallow
106
2015–2022
Lollipop
95
2014–2021
KitKat
81
2013–2020
Jelly Bean (ARMv7,IA-32,x64)
71
2012–2019
Ice Cream Sandwich (ARMv7,IA-32)
42
2012–2015
iOS
or later
143
2023–
16.x
137
2022–2025
15.x
125
2021–2024
14.x
113
2020–2023
13.x
93
2019–2021
12.x
92
2018–2021
11.x
76
2017–2019
10.x
71
2016–2019
9.x
63
2015–2018
7.0-8.4
47
2013–2016
6.x
37
2012–2014
4.3-5.1
29
2011–2013
3.0-4.2
23
2009–2012
iPadOS
or later
143
2023–
16.x
137
2022–2025
15.x
125
2021–2024
14.x
113
2020–2023
13.x
93
2019–2021
Tracking methods · Criticism › Privacy › User tracking concerns
Installation
Installation
Method
Installation
Information sent
Randomly generated token included in an installer; used to measure the success rate of Google Chrome once at installation
When
On installation
Optional?
No
Opt-in?
—.mw- N/a
RLZ identifier
RLZ identifier
Method
RLZ identifier
Information sent
Encoded string, according to Google, contains non-identifying information on where Chrome was downloaded from and its installation week; it is used to measure promotional campaigns; Google provides source code to decode this string Can be disabled in ChromeOS. For Chrome browsers running in all other operating systems: Desktop versions of Chrome can avoid it by downloading the browser directly from Google. Mobile versions of Chrome always send the RLZ identifier on first launch.
When
On Google search query On first launch and first use of address bar
Optional?
Partial
Opt-in?
No
clientID
clientID
Method
clientID
Information sent
Unique identifier along with user preferences, logs of use metrics, and crashes
When
Unknown
Optional?
Yes
Opt-in?
Yes
Omnibox predictions
Omnibox predictions
Method
Omnibox predictions
Information sent
Text typed into the address bar is sent to the user's search engine when not in incognito mode. When in incognito mode, the suggestions are created on-device instead.
When
While typing
Optional?
Yes
Opt-in?
No
Google Update
Google Update
Method
Google Update
Information sent
Information about how often Chrome is used, details about the OS, and the Chrome version
When
Periodically
Optional?
Partial
Opt-in?
No
Method
Information sent
When
Optional?
Opt-in?
Installation
Randomly generated token included in an installer; used to measure the success rate of Google Chrome once at installation
On installation
No
—.mw- N/a
RLZ identifier
Encoded string, according to Google, contains non-identifying information on where Chrome was downloaded from and its installation week; it is used to measure promotional campaigns; Google provides source code to decode this string Can be disabled in ChromeOS. For Chrome browsers running in all other operating systems: Desktop versions of Chrome can avoid it by downloading the browser directly from Google. Mobile versions of Chrome always send the RLZ identifier on first launch.
On Google search query On first launch and first use of address bar
Partial
No
clientID
Unique identifier along with user preferences, logs of use metrics, and crashes
Unknown
Yes
Yes
Omnibox predictions
Text typed into the address bar is sent to the user's search engine when not in incognito mode. When in incognito mode, the suggestions are created on-device instead.
While typing
Yes
No
Google Update
Information about how often Chrome is used, details about the OS, and the Chrome version
Periodically
Partial
No

References

  1. Chrome's WebKit & Blink layout engines and its V8 JavaScript engine are each free and open-source software, while its ot
    https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/browser/privacy/eula_text.html
  2. RLZ can be disabled in Chrome OS, and is not sent on desktop versions of Chrome if it was downloaded directly from Googl
  3. Requires advanced user intervention
  4. "Stable Channel Update for Desktop"
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_18.html
  5. "Chrome for Android Update"
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/chrome-for-android-update_01890795727.html
  6. "Chrome Stable for iOS Update"
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/chrome-stable-for-ios-update_0512233446.html
  7. "Extended Stable Updates for Desktop"
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/extended-stable-updates-for-desktop_16.html
  8. "Chrome Beta for Desktop Update"
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/chrome-beta-for-desktop-update_0116246285.html
  9. "Chrome Beta for Android Update"
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/chrome-beta-for-android-update_0912080803.html
  10. "Chrome Beta for iOS Update"
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2025/12/chrome-beta-for-ios-update_0516937283.html
  11. Ohloh.net
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120421031445/https://www.ohloh.net/p/chrome/analyses/latest
  12. Google Open Source
    https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/styleguide/styleguide.md
  13. "The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.0"
    https://archive.today/20120530/http://www.lextrait.com/Vincent/implementations.html
  14. Google Groups
    https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/7679408?hl=en
  15. "Google Chrome (iOS)"
    https://apps.apple.com/us/app/google-chrome/id535886823
  16. Google Play Console Help
    https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/table/4419860?
  17. www.google.com
    https://www.google.com/intl/en/chrome/terms/
  18. "Google launches beta version of Chrome web browser"
    https://archive.today/20210411080810/https://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240086779/Google-launches-beta-version-of-Chrome-web-browser
  19. developer.chrome.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20201118040741/https://developer.chrome.com/multidevice/android/overview
  20. Ars Technica
    https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/04/google-going-its-own-way-forking-webkit-rendering-engine/
  21. "Open-sourcing Chrome on iOS!"
    https://blog.chromium.org/2017/01/open-sourcing-chrome-on-ios.html
  22. StatCounter Global Stats
    https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/desktop/worldwide/
  23. StatCounter Global Stats
    https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share/tablet/worldwide/#monthly-202003-202109
  24. StatCounter Global Stats
    https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share
  25. WSJ Digits Blog
    https://web.archive.org/web/20200805000248/https://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2009/07/09/sun-valley-schmidt-didnt-want-to-build-chrome-initially-he-says/
  26. "Rumours surround Google browser"
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/3680942.stm
  27. googleblog.com
    https://archive.today/20210411115420/https://blog.chromium.org/2018/09/how-we-designed-chrome-10-years-ago.html
  28. Business Insider
    https://www.businessinsider.com/larry-page-google-chrome-sundar-pichai-goals-2018-6
  29. www.accc.gov.au
    https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/googles-dominance-in-general-search-yet-to-be-disrupted
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    https://smccloud.livejournal.com/15488.html
  31. "Google Chrome, Google's Browser Project"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080901232919/http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2008-09-01-n47.html
  32. Google Blogoscoped
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080901232927/http://blogoscoped.com/google-chrome/
  33. Google Book Search
    https://www.google.com/googlebooks/chrome/
  34. Official Google Blog
    https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2008/09/fresh-take-on-browser.html
  35. The New York Times
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150719034413/https://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/sundar-pichai-of-google-talks-about-phone-intrusion/
  36. "It was when not if... Google Chrome"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20161208060704/https://doeswhat.com/2008/09/02/it-was-when-not-if-google-chrome/
  37. CNET
    https://www.cnet.com/news/be-sure-to-read-chromes-fine-print/
  38. Google.com
    https://www.google.com/intl/en/policies/terms/
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    https://www.cnet.com/news/google-chrome-update-first-screenshot-and-live-blog-alert/
  40. "Google launches Chrome web browser"
    https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/google-launches-chrome-web-browser-1.710550
  41. "Google Chrome crosses 1% market share again"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20090310161357/https://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/40575/113
  42. CNET
    https://www.cnet.com/news/chrome-gets-mac-deadline-extensions-foundation/
  43. dev.chromium.org
    https://dev.chromium.org/getting-involved/dev-channel
  44. "Danger: Mac and Linux builds available"
    https://blog.chromium.org/2009/06/danger-mac-and-linux-builds-available.html
  45. Chrome Releases
    https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2009/12/beta-update-linux-mac-and-windows.html
  46. Official Google Blog
    https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html
  47. Chrome Blog
    https://chrome.googleblog.com/2010/05/new-chrome-stable-release-welcome-mac.html
  48. BBC News
    https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/8537763.stm
  49. chromium.org
    https://www.chromium.org/developers/npapi-deprecation
  50. "Code reuse in Google Chrome Browser"
    https://catonmat.net/blog/code-reuse-in-google-chrome-browser/
  51. "Hello HTML5"
    https://gearsblog.blogspot.com/2010/02/hello-html5.html
  52. "A fresh take on an icon"
    https://chrome.blogspot.com/2011/03/fresh-take-on-icon.html
  53. blog.chromium.org
    https://blog.chromium.org/2011/01/html-video-codec-support-in-chrome.html
  54. Chrome Blog
    https://chrome.googleblog.com/2012/11/longer-battery-life-and-easier-website.html
  55. "Open-Sourced H.264 Removes Barriers to WebRTC"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20150706222941/https://blogs.cisco.com/collaboration/open-source-h-264-removes-barriers-webrtc
  56. Engadget
    https://www.engadget.com/2012/02/07/google-chrome-browser-arrives-on-android-video/
  57. www.muktware.com
    https://web.archive.org/web/20220316201442/http://www.muktware.com/3779/chrome-out-beta-default-browser-android-41
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    https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/18/chrome-is-coming-to-augmented-reality-and-google-daydream/
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    https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/use-chrome-omnibar-to-search-gmail
  60. CNET
    https://www.cnet.com/news/the-future-of-the-firefox-address-bar/
  61. "Stable Channel Update"
    https://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2010/01/stable-channel-update_25.html
  62. GitHub
    https://github.com/whatwg/dom/issues/319
  63. "Acid Tests"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20170725054426/http://www.acidtests.org/
  64. ECMAScript.org
    https://web.archive.org/web/20110514205704/https://test262.ecmascript.org/
  65. "CSS 2.1 Test Suite RC6 Results"
    https://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/CSS2.1/20110323/reports/results.html
  66. "HTML5 test desktop"
    https://html5test.com/s/b204eb264a8b047b.html
  67. "HTML5 test desktop browser comparison"
    https://html5test.com/results/desktop.html
  68. "HTML5 test Android Chrome 41 Galaxy S5"
    https://html5test.com/s/3fb179264a332e3d.html
  69. "HTML5 test tablet"
    https://html5test.com/results/mobile.html
  70. "HTML5 test mobile"
    https://html5test.com/results/tablet.html
  71. html5test.com
    https://html5test.com/compare/browser/chrome-44.html
  72. support.google.com
    https://support.google.com/chrome/answer/95314
  73. Chrome Blog
    https://chrome.googleblog.com/2009/05/speedier-google-chrome-for-all-users.html
  74. Official Google Blog
    https://googleblog.blogspot.no/2009/09/google-chrome-after-year-sporting-new.html
  75. Chrome Blog
    https://chrome.googleblog.com/2009/10/splash-of-color-to-your-browser-artist.html
  76. "Chrome Web Store"
    https://tools.google.com/chrome/intl/en/themes/index.html
  77. Google Chrome Help
    https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?&answer=148695
  78. Danica Simic, ValueWalk. "Google To Introduce Native Dark Theme For Chrome On Windows 10." January 2, 2019. Retrieved Ja
    https://www.valuewalk.com/2019/01/dark-theme-for-chrome-on-windows-10/
  79. Chrome Unboxed - The Latest Chrome OS News
    https://chromeunboxed.com/google-chrome-2023-refresh-design
  80. support.google.com
    https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?hlrm=ru&answer=173424
  81. "Three hidden Chrome features you'll love"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20080923064954/https://blogs.computerworld.com/three_hidden_chrome_features_youll_love
  82. "Chromium url_constants.cc"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100908013948/https://src.chromium.org/svn/trunk/src/chrome/common/url_constants.cc
  83. LifeHacker
    https://web.archive.org/web/20181202070544/https://lifehacker.com/5667846/chromes-aboutlabs-renamed-to-aboutflags-adds-a-warning
  84. How-To Geek
    https://www.howtogeek.com/415086/how-to-save-a-web-page-in-chrome/
  85. "Chrome Web Store"
    https://chrome.google.com/webstore
  86. "The Chrome Web Store"
    https://blog.chromium.org/2010/05/chrome-web-store.html
  87. Chrome Blog
    https://chrome.googleblog.com/2013/09/a-new-breed-of-chrome-apps.html
  88. Ars Technica
    https://arstechnica.com/business/2010/12/thoughts-on-the-chrome-store-does-the-web-need-an-app-delivery-channel/
  89. Chrome Blog
    https://chrome.googleblog.com/2011/02/dash-of-speed-3d-and-apps.html
  90. "Google Chrome Extensions Blog Announcement"
    https://chrome.blogspot.com/2009/12/google-chrome-for-holidays-mac-linux.html
  91. "Google Chrome Extensions Help Page"
    https://web.archive.org/web/20100208233953/https://www.google.com/support/chrome/bin/answer.py?answer=154007
  92. TechRadar
    https://web.archive.org/web/20120503224933/https://www.techradar.com/news/software/applications/20-best-chrome-extensions-1076933
  93. VentureBeat
    https://venturebeat.com/2015/05/19/google-tone-is-a-chrome-extension-for-sharing-urls-with-nearby-computers-using-sound/
  94. TechCrunch
    https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/19/googles-tone-chrome-extension-lets-you-share-urls-by-sound/
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