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Population of Hong Kong as of 2018 estimate
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The data of Chongqing in the list is the data of "Metropolitan Developed Economic Area", which contains two parts: "City
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Paramount leader of China, who holds the titles of:
General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
President of China
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Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
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While not an upper house of the legislature, the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference exists as an advisor
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UN figure for mainland China, which excludes Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan. It also excludes the Trans-Karakoram Tract (5
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Excluding residents of Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreigners living in the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and munici
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GDP figures exclude Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau.
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The Hong Kong dollar is used in Hong Kong and Macau, while the Macanese pataca is used in Macau only.
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Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó
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Chinese: 中华人民共和国; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó
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China's border with Pakistan is disputed by India, which claims the entire Kashmir region as its territory. China is tie
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The total area ranking relative to the United States depends on the measurement of total areas. See list of countries an
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Excluding the disputed Taiwan Province. See § Administrative divisions.
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"... Next into this, is found the great China, whose king is thought to be the greatest prince in the world, and is name
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"... The Very Great Kingdom of China". (Portuguese: ... O Grande Reino da China ...).
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Its earliest extant use is on the ritual bronze vessel He zun, where it apparently refers to only the Shang's immediate
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Its meaning "Zhou's royal demesne" is attested from the 6th-century BC Classic of History, which states "Huangtian besto
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Owing to Qin Shi Huang's earlier policy involving the "burning of books and burying of scholars", the destruction of the
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According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, the total area of the United States, at 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi), is sl
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China's border with Pakistan and part of its border with India falls in the disputed region of Kashmir. The area under P
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The People's Republic of China claims the islands of Taiwan and Penghu, which it does not control, as its disputed 23rd
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Some of the chips used were not domestically developed until Sunway TaihuLight in 2016. China has not submitted newer en
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The national life expectancy at birth rose from about 31 years in 1949 to 75 years in 2008, and infant mortality decreas
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2015年重庆常住人口3016.55万人 继续保持增长态势
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A Short History of the World
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The Cambridge History of China
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China's Population Expansion and Its Causes during the Qing Period, 1644–1911
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China's Last Empire – The Great Qing
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A History of the Modern Chinese Army
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Beijing: A Concise History
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China in War and Revolution, 1895–1949
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The Chinese Revolution in the 1920s: Between Triumph and Disaster
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Government and Politics in Kuomintang China, 1927–1937
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China and Democracy: Reconsidering the Prospects for a Democratic China
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Revolutionary Discourse in Mao's Republic
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"Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan"
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China at War: Triumph and Tragedy in the Emergence of the New China
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Constitutional Reform and the Future of the Republic of China
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Projecting a Nation: Chinese National Cinema Before 1949
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"The Tibetans"
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Students and teachers of the new China: thirteen interviews
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Communism: A Very Short Introduction
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China: Migrants, Students, Taiwan Archived 27 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine UC Davis Migration News January 2006
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Contemporary China
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Lowy Institute
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G20
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Reuters
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East Asia Summit
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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
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People's Daily
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France 24
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Financial Times
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American Enterprise Institute
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Institute for International and Strategic Affairs
https://www.iris-france.org/en/china-as-a-technological-superpower/ -
Centre for Economic Policy Research
https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/china-worlds-sole-manufacturing-superpower-line-sketch-rise -
The Telegraph
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Center for Advanced China Research
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Agence France-Presse
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The Times
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Al Jazeera
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The Guardian
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The New York Times
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Bloomberg News
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Council on Foreign Relations
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Migration Policy Institute
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The Conversation
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South China Morning Post
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ASEAN
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The New Yorker
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South China Morning Post
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Global Wealth Databook 2023
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Center for Strategic and International Studies
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https://web.archive.org/web/20130722192442/http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/12/2012122311167503363.html -
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The Economist
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Forbes
https://www.forbes.com/billionaires -
South China Morning Post
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UBS
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Forbes
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South China Morning Post
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Quartz
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South China Morning Post
https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3253995/chinas-middle-income-population-passes-500-million-mark-says-state-owned-newspaper -
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The Economist
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Financial Times
https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/002fd8f0-4d96-11e0-85e4-00144feab49a -
Federation of American Scientists
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CNBC
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Bloomberg News
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Institute for Energy Research
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OICA
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CNN
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Charged
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Cato Journal
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Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law
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China Daily
https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202309/19/WS6508f98da310d2dce4bb6759.html -
BBC News
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13017881 -
Quartz
https://web.archive.org/web/20130514072402/http://qz.com/62717/why-china-is-letting-django-unchained-slip-through-its-censorship-regime/ -
Zhang, Yingjin & Xiao, Zhiwei (1998). "The Fifth Generation" in Encyclopedia of Chinese Film. Taylor & Francis, p. 128.
https://books.google.com/books?id=MIkc8os0WPwC&pg=PA128 -
The Hollywood Reporter
https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/china-says-has-passed-us-as-country-movie-screens-957849 -
Deadline Hollywood
https://deadline.com/2016/11/china-cinema-screens-overtake-us-box-office-2019-1201852359/ -
PwC
https://web.archive.org/web/20200303120239/https://www.pwccn.com/en/press-room/press-releases/pr-170619.html -
Bloomberg News
https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2025-china-box-office/ -
China Box Office
http://www.endata.com.cn/BoxOffice/BO/History/Movie/Alltimedomestic.html -
Newzoo
https://newzoo.com/resources/rankings/top-10-countries-by-game-revenues -
Freedom House
https://freedomhouse.org/country/china/freedom-net/2022 -
China and the Internet: Using New Media for Development and Social Change
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DigiChina
https://digichina.stanford.edu/work/behind-the-facade-of-chinas-cyber-super-regulator/ -
South China Morning Post
https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-trends/article/3318302/china-rolls-out-voluntary-cyber-id-system-amid-concerns-over-privacy-censorship -
chinese.cn
https://web.archive.org/web/20150912222348/http://www.chinesecio.com/cms/en/culture/eight-major-cuisines-ba-da-cai-xi -
中国美食成外国网友"噩梦" 鸡爪内脏鱼头不敢吃
https://web.archive.org/web/20130926145102/http://news.xinhuanet.com/photo/2013-09/23/c_125426786.htm -
McKinsey
https://www.mckinsey.com.cn/%E4%B8%87%E4%BA%BF%E6%9C%BA%E9%81%87%EF%BC%8C%E6%97%A0%E8%82%89%E4%B8%8D%E6%AC%A2%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%82%89%E9%A3%9F%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9%E5%B8%82%E5%9C%BA%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A/#:~:text=%E4%B8%8D%E8%BF%87%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%82%89%E7%B1%BB%E6%B6%88%E8%B4%B9,%E8%B4%AD%E4%B9%B0%E6%AF%94%E9%87%8D%E5%B9%B6%E4%B8%8D%E9%AB%98%E3%80%82 -
Historical Dictionary of Soccer
https://books.google.com/books?id=9j1wbp2t1usC&pg=PA2 -
"Sport in Ancient China"
https://web.archive.org/web/20171010152027/http://www.theworldofchinese.com/2013/08/sport-in-ancient-china/ -
Health Promotion International
https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fheapro%2Fdah105 -
China Sports Business
http://chinasportsbiz.com/2011/07/01/huge-potential-of-fitness-market-in-china/ -
Wenzhou People's Government
https://web.archive.org/web/20151109001344/http://www.wenzhou.gov.cn/art/2014/8/7/art_9113_318011.html -
Time
https://web.archive.org/web/20110705191234/http://www.time.com/time/asia/2003/heroes/yao_ming.html -
Sohu Sports
http://sports.sohu.com/20130714/n381558488.shtml -
Bloomberg News
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-08-16/bicycle-maker-giant-says-fitness-lifestyle-boosting-china-sales.html -
CNBC
https://www.cnbc.com/2022/07/15/china-is-worlds-largest-e-sports-market-despite-crackdown-study.html -
www.intellinews.com
https://www.intellinews.com/mongolia-s-wrestling-culture-from-the-grasslands-to-the-cage-192780/ -
www.xinhuanet.com
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2019-06/23/c_138166607.htm -
BBC Sport
http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/7583735.stm -
London2012.com
https://web.archive.org/web/20120830230101/http://www.london2012.com/paralympics/medals/medal-count -
USA Today
https://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/story/2012/09/9/china-dominates-medals-us-falls-short-at-paralympics/57719222/1 -
"Beijing: The world's first dual Olympic city"
https://olympics.com/en/news/100-days-to-go-beijing-worlds-first-dual-olympic-city -
"Beijing 2022 Winter Games Olympics – results & video highlights"
https://www.olympic.org/beijing-2022 -
Radio France Internationale
https://www.rfi.fr/en/sports/20230921-at-a-glance-guide-to-the-hangzhou-asian-games